فصلنامه زیبایی شناسی ادبی
سال هشتم شماره 31 (بهار 1396)

In this paper, a novel method of DE familiarization and norm-breaking of Amirkhani Reza in Bivatan novel has been investigated. Although , usually the novels realm have shown less interest in this language function,Bivatan's author is one of the few writers with Knowledge about the impact of this method on the audience, have used this advantage. Language Para normality has the most contribution in de familiarization in Bivatan novel. Although Text and meaning Para normality has a worthy place in Amirkhani prose. It should be said , the Bivatan novel is based on Norm-breaking and some techniques were Experienced in this book are completely new and unprecedented.

The use of allegory in Persian language and literature has a long history and it is highly useful in explaining intellectual, mental and abstract ideas to the audience. Examining various dimensions of allegory is a big step toward identifying the works of Attar, especially that of Musibat-Nama. This work is about the mystical journey of the seeker of the knowledge, with Attar, in this allegorical tale, attempting to take the seekers of the truth through this mystical journey to Allah with his mystical teachings and special techniques. Amid the tales, some good examples of allegorical tales, exemplum, allegorical simile, allegorical metaphor and oslub-e moadele (a type of allegory) can be seen. This article tries to find how Attar has drawn upon allegory and its different types to present mystical and ethical concepts and better explain these notions to the audience in this work. It was found that among allegorical tales, the parable and oslub-e moadele have the highest and lowest frequency respectively since the poet is not to decorate speech but aims to express mystical states and perceptions. The current article has been carried out using library research method and note taking and has answered to some ambiguities and questions through a descriptive-analytical method and the gathered data.

As regard to Turkmens role in political and social changes and center of Marv (Mari) (today in Turkmenistan) as an Islamic city in Islamic period, has been mutual influence and impact between Persian and Turkmen literature. This paper – with library description and analysis – studies influence of Classic Turkmen literature (in 19th and 20th century) from Persian literature with emphasis on 5 Turkmen poets (Magtymguly, Ghayeb Nazar Ghayevi, Ghorban Ali Maerufi, Meskin Ghlich and Sheydaei). The results of the research say that the Turkmen poets were familiar to Persian poem and uses Persian phrase, themes and literary images. Some Turkmen poets had Persian poems. These influences are impressive in Aesthetics and imagery point of view; means: simile, metaphor and allusion , in the end of the paper showed a chart about most impressive Persian poets on aesthetics and figure speech elements on Turkmen literature in those 5 famous Turkmen poets.

One of the distinctive features of the holy Koran is its miraculous rhetorics as a cohesive text.This feature is vividly seen in every surah of the Koran and every Ayah has its own surprising rhetorical style .In structure,the short surahs of the Koran ,which are mainly of Mecca,are strong ,harsh and addressing with short phrases and sentences.Of course each has its own artistic features and distinctive from the others.the present article tries to study the semantic and aesthetic elements of Al Qare` surah structurally.Structural analysis belongs to the late Dr. Mahmud Bostani.This penman could analyse the artistic and literary dimensions and features of the Koran and leaving some fruitful findings behind for the reaserchers.
The main objective of the present article is to uncover the literary features and spiritual messages of Al Qare` surah using the structura method.
The results of the study is that in structuralism form and content in a surah are inseperable are merged together and to explain the message of every surah the artistic and literary features should be studied along with the thematic and intellectual features.

Aesthetics is a complicated concept for which no one can give an explicit definition.It is not an absolute subject and every person can see something beautiful or ugly from different perspectives.one of the inherent feature of literature is beauty. the present article studies musical ,linguistic and imagery elements of Atshi`s poems to show their relationships with poetical emotion,the elements creating beauty through deviations.Because Atashi`s poems originates from internal experiences and inspirations ,innovations and deviations in the musical and linguistic sections ,that is,diction and syntactic deviations are of a high frequency.Moreover, the poet has been able to induce the poetical emotions to the readers very well by these three devices.Thus, there is a proper relationship between the poetical motion and musical ,linguistic and poetical images.

The contemporary metaphor theory has been started from 1980 decade with the cognitive linguistics theories and is considered as a predominant and important subject in the linguistic investigations and literary works in the whole world. One of the biggest theoreticians of this domain is Zoltán Kövecsesthat many his works is about metaphor and perhaps no one in the world have focused on it like him. He completed the lakoff, Johnson, turner ̕s view about the contemporary metaphor theory. He is the first person who has learned the cognitive metaphors approaches in interpretation of verse to the readers. He also had considered the cognitive metaphors approaches in the impressionism school and named this literary genre: the cognitive impressionism. One of the most important poetic subjects in forough farrokhzad we can find the mixture of impressionism characters and the cognitive metaphors approaches. So in this essay we are going to consider these type of forough poems on based on the Kövecses cognitive impressionism theory.

In rhetorics simile is the first element to create pictures.Simile is one of the pillars of rhetorics and other rhetorical devices such as metaphor,metonymy,personification and allusion originates from it.It can be deemed as one of the simplest imageries since it can be understood more easily.Naderpoor has used the rhetorical devices more adequqtely in his poems.He has used simile to render his own message together with pictures and artistic ways.In the present article ,to clarify the importance of simile, an statistical analysis of his similes has been made.His poetical similes from the perspective of rationality or sensation are categorized and the subtleties of it is analysed.

One of the key elements of Persian poetry, from the beginning to the blank verse period, has been the 'meaning' element. Persian poets, over hundreds of centuries, from Dary Persian language in the reign of Taherians to the modern Persian era, beside the construction of poems, have always considered the content of their poems in a way that a change in meaning would only be limited to the enunciation and the expressing language.
With modern poetry in Persian prose in the thirties ‘meaning’ perception becomes vague, and takes the poetry to the point of meaninglessness. This new version of 'meaning' of postmodern poetry composition requires a new interpretation, and with the outstanding of this prose form, a new theory as "lack of self –referent" poetry appears to exist as the external elements in which, instead of paying attention to the meaning of prose to convey the message, the implementation of poem becomes important and preferable.
This theory attempts just extras in the poetry performance and leads single meaning to the multiplicity of meaning, which is only perceived and received by the reader , and the poet has the lowest share in that.Therefore, each time, the reader, by reading the poem, can achieve to and get a new and a different understanding –a feature which is known as "the death of the author/ poet " and which is ofcourse borrowed from the European postmodern poetry.

According to intertextuality theory each text is affected by past texts and is inheritor of past legacy and tradition. Intertextuality studies the transformation, presence and cultural legacy of past texts in the innovation and the obvious and latent layers of texts and reveals the identity of texts. The present studies tries to see the Gerard Genete’s intertextual aspects in Nafsaghol Masdour based on Islamic rhetoric theory. According to Genete’s theory, types of manifest-latent, explicit-implicit intertextuality and their comparative aspects in Islamic rhetoric are studied in this work including: borrowing, quotation, inspiration and recreation, adaptation, allusion, translation, simile, plagiarism and transformation. Studying the use of previous texts based on Gentete’s theory and adapting it with Islamic rhetoric theory are the goals of this study. According to the present study the type of intertextuality with the highest frequency is obvious-intentional and adapting it with Islamic rhetoric becomes borrowing. After that implicit and latent-intentional intertextualities have the highest frequency respectively. The creativity of author in how to use previous texts and using intertextual elements and establishing novel and innovative links among previous texts and present text make the audience interested and satisfied